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Question 1:
What is called the verification that the user\’s claimed identity is valid and is usually implemented through a user password at log-on time?
A. Authentication
B. Identification
C. Integrity
D. Confidentiality
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Authentication is verification that the user\’s claimed identity is valid and is usually implemented through a user password at log-on time. Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. and VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley and Sons, Page 36
Question 2:
Which of the following describes the major disadvantage of many Single Sign-On (SSO) implementations?
A. Once an individual obtains access to the system through the initial log-on, they have access to all resources within the environment that the account has access to.
B. The initial logon process is cumbersome to discourage potential intruders.
C. Once a user obtains access to the system through the initial log-on, they only need to logon to some applications.
D. Once a user obtains access to the system through the initial log-on, he has to logout from all other systems
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Single Sign-On is a distrubuted Access Control methodology where an individual only has to authenticate once and would have access to all primary and secondary network domains. The individual would not be required to re-
authenticate when they needed additional resources. The security issue that this creates is if a fraudster is able to compromise those credential they too would have access to all the resources that account has access to.
All the other answers are incorrect as they are distractors.
Question 3:
A Differential backup process will:
A. Backs up data labeled with archive bit 1 and leaves the data labeled as archive bit 1
B. Backs up data labeled with archive bit 1 and changes the data label to archive bit 0
C. Backs up data labeled with archive bit 0 and leaves the data labeled as archive bit 0
D. Backs up data labeled with archive bit 0 and changes the data label to archive bit 1
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Archive bit 1 = On (the archive bit is set).
Archive bit 0 = Off (the archive bit is NOT set).
When the archive bit is set to ON, it indicates a file that has changed and needs to be backed up. Differential backups backup all files changed since the last full. To do this, they don\’t change the archive bit value when they backup a file.
Instead the differential let\’s the full backup make that change. An incremental only backs up data since the last incremental backup. Thus is does change the archive bit from 1 (On) to 0 (Off).
The following answers are incorrect:
Backs up data labeled with archive bit 1 and changes the data label to archive bit 0 – This is the behavior of an incremental backup, not a differential backup. Backs up data labeled with archive bit 0 and leaves the data labeled as archive bit 0
– If the archive bit is set to 0 (Off), it will only be backed up via a Full backup. Everything else will ignore it.
Backs up data labeled with archive bit 0 and changes the data label to archive bit 1 – If the archive bit is set to 0 (Off), it will only be backed up via a Full backup. Everything else will ignore it.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive_bit
Question 4:
Which of the following would describe a type of biometric error refers to as false rejection rate?
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Type III error
D. CER error
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: When a biometric system rejects an authorized individual, it is called a Type I error.
When a system accepts impostors who should be rejected (false positive), it is called a Type II error.
The Crossover Error Rate (CER), stated in a percentage, represents the point at which false rejection (Type I) rate equals the false acceptance (Type II) rate. Type III error is not defined and simply a distracter in this case. Some people get
trick on this one because they are thinking about Authentication Factors where Biometric is a type III authentication factor.
Beware not to mix authentication factor with biometric errors. The 3 authentication factors are:
Type 1 Something you know
Type 2 Something you have
Type 3 Something you are
Reference(s) used for this question:
HARRIS, Shon, All-In-One CISSP Certification Exam Guide, McGraw-Hill/Osborne, 2002, chapter 4: Access Control (page 128).
and
Question 5:
The three classic ways of authenticating yourself to the computer security software are: something you know, something you have, and something:
A. you need.
B. you read.
C. you are.
D. you do.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Source: TIPTON, Hal, (ISC)2, Introduction to the CISSP Exam presentation.
CISSP PDF DumpsCISSP VCE DumpsCISSP Practice Test
Question 6:
Which access control model is best suited in an environment where a high security level is required and where it is desired that only the administrator grants access control?
A. DAC
B. MAC
C. Access control matrix
D. TACACS
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: MAC provides high security by regulating access based on the clearance of individual users and sensitivity labels for each object. Clearance levels and sensitivity levels cannot be modified by individual users — for example, user
Joe (SECRET clearance) cannot reclassify the “Presidential Doughnut Recipe” from “SECRET” to “CONFIDENTIAL” so that his friend Jane (CONFIDENTIAL clearance) can read it. The administrator is ultimately responsible for configuring
this protection in accordance with security policy and directives from the Data Owner.
DAC is incorrect. In DAC, the data owner is responsible for controlling access to the object. Access control matrix is incorrect. The access control matrix is a way of thinking about the access control needed by a population of subjects to a
population of objects. This access control can be applied using rules, ACL\’s, capability tables, etc. TACACS is incorrect. TACACS is a tool for performing user authentication.
CBK, p. 187, Domain 2: Access Control.
AIO3, Chapter 4, Access Control.
Question 7:
The type of discretionary access control (DAC) that is based on an individual\’s identity is also called:
A. Identity-based Access control
B. Rule-based Access control
C. Non-Discretionary Access Control
D. Lattice-based Access control
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: An identity-based access control is a type of Discretionary Access Control (DAC) that is based on an individual\’s identity.
DAC is good for low level security environment. The owner of the file decides who has access to the file.
If a user creates a file, he is the owner of that file. An identifier for this user is placed in the file header and/or in an access control matrix within the operating system.
Ownership might also be granted to a specific individual. For example, a manager for a certain department might be made the owner of the files and resources within her department. A system that uses discretionary access control (DAC) enables the owner of the resource to specify which subjects can access specific resources.
This model is called discretionary because the control of access is based on the discretion of the owner. Many times department managers, or business unit managers , are the owners of the data within their specific department. Being the owner, they can specify who should have access and who should not.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Harris, Shon (2012-10-18). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 220). McGraw- Hill . Kindle Edition.
Question 8:
A confidential number used as an authentication factor to verify a user\’s identity is called a:
A. PIN
B. User ID
C. Password
D. Challenge
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: PIN Stands for Personal Identification Number, as the name states it is a combination of numbers.
The following answers are incorrect:
User ID This is incorrect because a Userid is not required to be a number and a Userid is only used to establish identity not verify it.
Password. This is incorrect because a password is not required to be a number, it could be any combination of characters.
Challenge. This is incorrect because a challenge is not defined as a number, it could be anything.
Question 9:
Which of the following is the FIRST step in protecting data\’s confidentiality?
A. Install a firewall
B. Implement encryption
C. Identify which information is sensitive
D. Review all user access rights
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In order to protect the confidentiality of the data.
The following answers are incorrect because :
Install a firewall is incorrect as this would come after the information has been identified for sensitivity levels.
Implement encryption is also incorrect as this is one of the mechanisms to protect the data once it has been identified.
Review all user access rights is also incorrect as this is also a protection mechanism for the identified information.
Reference : Shon Harris AIO v3 , Chapter-4 : Access Control , Page : 126
Question 10:
Which access control model is also called Non Discretionary Access Control (NDAC)?
A. Lattice based access control
B. Mandatory access control
C. Role-based access control
D. Label-based access control
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: RBAC is sometimes also called non-discretionary access control (NDAC) (as Ferraiolo says “to distinguish it from the policy-based specifics of MAC”). Another model that fits within the NDAC category is Rule-Based Access
Control (RuBAC or RBAC). Most of the CISSP books use the same acronym for both models but NIST tend to use a lowercase “u” in between R and B to differentiate the two models.
You can certainly mimic MAC using RBAC but true MAC makes use of Labels which contains the sensitivity of the objects and the categories they belong to. No labels means MAC is not being used.
One of the most fundamental data access control decisions an organization must make is the amount of control it will give system and data owners to specify the level of access users of that data will have. In every organization there is a
balancing point between the access controls enforced by organization and system policy and the ability for information owners to determine who can have access based on specific business requirements. The process of translating that
balance into a workable access control model can be defined by three general access frameworks:
Discretionary access control
Mandatory access control
Nondiscretionary access control
A role-based access control (RBAC) model bases the access control authorizations on the roles (or functions) that the user is assigned within an organization. The determination of what roles have access to a resource can be governed by
the owner of the data, as with DACs, or applied based on policy, as with MACs.
Access control decisions are based on job function, previously defined and governed by policy, and each role (job function) will have its own access capabilities. Objects associated with a role will inherit privileges assigned to that role. This is
also true for groups of users, allowing administrators to simplify access control strategies by assigning users to groups and groups to roles.
There are several approaches to RBAC. As with many system controls, there are variations on how they can be applied within a computer system.
There are four basic RBAC architectures:
1 Non-RBAC: Non-RBAC is simply a user-granted access to data or an application by traditional mapping, such as with ACLs. There are no formal “roles” associated with the mappings, other than any identified by the particular user.
2 Limited RBAC: Limited RBAC is achieved when users are mapped to roles within a single application rather than through an organization-wide role structure. Users in a limited RBAC system are also able to access non-RBAC-based
applications or data. For example, a user may be assigned to multiple roles within several applications and, in addition, have direct access to another application or system independent of his or her assigned role. The key attribute of limited
RBAC is that the role for that user is defined within an application and not necessarily based on the user\’s organizational job function.
3 Hybrid RBAC: Hybrid RBAC introduces the use of a role that is applied to multiple applications or systems based on a user\’s specific role within the organization. That role is then applied to applications or systems that subscribe to the
organization\’s role-based model. However, as the term “hybrid” suggests, there are instances where the subject may also be assigned to roles defined solely within specific applications, complimenting (or, perhaps, contradicting) the larger,
more encompassing organizational role used by other systems.
4 Full RBAC: Full RBAC systems are controlled by roles defined by the organization\’s policy and access control infrastructure and then applied to applications and systems across the enterprise. The applications, systems, and associated
data apply permissions based on that enterprise definition, and not one defined by a specific application or system.
Be careful not to try to make MAC and DAC opposites of each other — they are two different access control strategies with RBAC being a third strategy that was defined later to address some of the limitations of MAC and DAC.
The other answers are not correct because:
Mandatory access control is incorrect because though it is by definition not discretionary, it is not called “non-discretionary access control.” MAC makes use of label to indicate the sensitivity of the object and it also makes use of categories to
implement the need to know.
Label-based access control is incorrect because this is not a name for a type of access control but simply a bogus detractor.
Lattice based access control is not adequate either. A lattice is a series of levels and a subject will be granted an upper and lower bound within the series of levels. These levels could be sensitivity levels or they could be confidentiality levels
or they could be integrity levels.
Reference(s) used for this question:
All in One, third edition, page 165
Ferraiolo, D., Kuhn, D. and Chandramouli, R. (2003). Role-Based Access Control, p. 18
Ferraiolo, D., Kuhn, D. (1992). Role-Based Access Controls. http://csrc.nist.gov/rbac/Role_Based_Access_Control-1992html
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition :
Access Control ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 1557-1584). Auerbach Publications.
Kindle Edition.
Schneiter, Andrew (2013-04-15). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition :
Access Control ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 1474-1477). Auerbach Publications.
Kindle Edition.
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